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Showing posts with label job info. 2010. workplace. Show all posts
Showing posts with label job info. 2010. workplace. Show all posts

Wednesday, October 27, 2010

Business Coach Training - A Successful Business Coaching Company

Job Vacancy Indonesia, Employee, Vacancy

When a business leader is choosing a coach in business, they may be overwhelmed with the choices available. Some coaches in business are simply former business owners who want to share their experiences. The best coaches in business, however, have completed a business coach training course and are certified as having passed the qualifying exam. This helps prepare business coaches to deal with multiple situations and areas of business instead of just going off their own limited experiences. This certification is a sign that a coach has been trained in the best practices of the field of coaching in business. They learn how to assess the parts of a business and the company as a whole.
The ability to see how a whole is broken down into parts and what areas are slowing productivity is important in the coaching career. Keeping each portion of the company efficient and effective at what they are assigned helps the whole company to be more profitable. The purpose for hiring a business coach is can be different for each business owner. Some need a fresh pair of eyes to assess the business for the slower department and procedures. Some need to raise capital and need advice on how to get there. Others are looking to improve marketing strategies or implement newer technologies and desire guidance in those areas. Business coach training prepares business coaches to work in all these areas.
Certain processes, tools, and models have been used successfully in multiple areas of business all around the world. In coaching training, students learn these methods and how to apply them to different industries. Great coaching is based upon a relationship the coach builds with the business leader client. Interpersonal skills and good coaching relationship structures are also taught in the training course. These are key components to the success of a business coach. The clients are leaders who have little experience taking advice from others. They are often reluctant to see the failings in their own businesses even though this is the first step to fixing the problems.
Laying the groundwork of respect and relationship can ensure a business coach's success. In addition, a business coach training course teaches coaches how to find and acquire clients to build their own business. Successful systems for getting and retaining clients can help someone grow their coaching business into a lucrative company. Joining this unique field of coaching in the business world can start with a specialized training course.
By Candace Davies

Job Vacancy Indonesia, Employee, Vacancy


The Internet has become a very popular medium for finding jobs. However, there are so many websites and search engines to use, one can easily become overwhelmed or frustrated. Instead of blindly searching around the Internet, first narrow down what type of job you are looking for, or in what sector or for which company. Some of the best resources to use are government sites. Since local, state/provincial, and federal governments are looking for a wide variety of workers, it may be a good idea to start with them. Each level of government across the country has its own website with a page specifically devoted to employment opportunities. There may be internships, upcoming opportunities, or links to additional job search websites posted on there as well.
If you are looking to apply within a specific city or region, look for local job search websites. For example you might type in "Boston job opportunities" or "Ontario job search". If a commute is not a problem for you, then you might also want to look one or two towns over.
For new graduates, job hunting can also be a very stressful situation. You have your degree, but where do you go from here? Most campuses have a career resource center, which can put you on the right track to finding a job. As well, the school should have a job search website, perhaps like workopoliscampus.com, that allows employers to post ads specifically seeking new grads or senior college and university students. Furthermore, if you have a broader degree, try government agencies, larger museums, or national/international companies. Many of these organizations have a need for a broad spectrum of individuals with varying areas of expertise. Also, think outside the box and assess how your areas of study (and not just your major or minor) and acquired skills could translate to a whole host of positions.
Another option for using the Internet as a job hunting resource is putting your resume online on some of the larger job board sites. These sites allow you to post your resume and a brief description of your talents and qualifications. Potential employers will scan your resume and evaluate whether or not your experience and credentials match what they are looking for. This is also a good place for networking. Though X employer may not need your unique set of skills, he or she may know someone who does, and pass your information on to them.
Whichever method you choose to use, remember that patience, persistence, and consistency are key. Job search websites are always changing and being updated, especially government sites, so it is important that you make your job hunt a daily task. Also, do not get discouraged. No matter what state the economy is in, job hunting can be a lengthy process. Furthermore, before you submit your resume to any of the postings online, make sure that your document is neat, concise, and looks professional. You need to prove right from the start that you are a desirable candidate. Double and triple check spelling, grammar, punctuation, and overall format of the resume. Ask yourself "Does it looking appealing?" "Would I hire myself?" If the answer is No to one or both of these questions, give your resume a rewrite, or hire a professional to do it. In the long run, a professionally written resume is definitely worth the money, especially if it lands you your dream job.
Candace Davies, Owner of A+ Resumes for Teachers is a Global Career Management Professional dedicated to assisting educators worldwide leverage their strengths, accomplishments, and unique selling points to capture their dream career. Her team has successfully assisted 3500+ education professionals by transforming their talents into concise documents that secure numerous interviews.

Part Time Job Vacancies

By Balajee Kannan

Job Vacancy Indonesia, Employee, Vacancy

Taking up a part time job is a good enough idea for several people who want to work, gain relevant experience utilize their skills and yet at the same time meet their other personal obligations and responsibilities too. There are several students, home makers, stay at home moms, the elderly who are fit enough to work and have the requisite few hours to put into productive work.
Demand:
The market for part time job vacancy in India is booming as more and more companies realize the benefits of having a part time employee. They need not pay them all the benefits of the full time employee and are able to get the best work too.
Sectors:
There are several job vacancies available in India such as in the BPO and IT sectors, teaching, hotels and tourism, advertising and the financial sectors too. In fact, if you research right you will find that all possible sectors have fabulous vacancies that you can tap into. These job vacancies allow one to be able to study and yet earn substantial amounts of cash and experience too, the kind that will certainly hold you in good stead when you start looking for a full time job. This job is a good enough option to be able to manage work life balance and seems to be a wonderful option for many people. Also, with a this job one can take up another job too, study, or pursue an interest or hobby other than work. These jobs in India offers you the best of flexibility options and time for yourself.
 

Tuesday, October 26, 2010

The Dos and Don'ts of Quitting Your Job and Heading for Greener Pastures

By Adnan Masood

Job Vacancy Indonesia, Employee, Vacancy


Are you ready to quit your job? Regardless of the reason, how you quit is important as it might impact your ability to get a good reference in the future. When it comes to quitting your job, please take these important dos and don'ts into consideration.
DO make sure you have another job lined up. Or, at least make sure that you are financially secure and able to be without a job for a few months. This economy has made it hard for job seekers. Millions of men and men are currently out of work. While there are jobs available, there aren't enough to go around. So do not count on being able to land a new job right away; plan ahead and be prepared.
DON'T quit your job for a ridiculous reason. Say you got a job offer and that new position pays more; great! That is a good reason to quit your job. However, not good reasons aren't worth the hassle of going through a job search, possibly being unemployed for months, and so forth. Speaking of which, what aren't good reasons? It depends on the situation at hand, but you should never quit your job on a whim because of a dispute with a coworker or boss, unless you feel threatened.
DO give proper notice. This is hard in some cases. Say you got a new job offer but you need to start in one week. What should you do? You want to provide two weeks notice before quitting your job, but what if you MUST start in one week? Tell your current employer right away that you will only be available to work for one more week. Do know though that this might impact your ability to secure a good reference. If possible, provide two weeks notice at the least.
DON'T tick off the entire workplace on your way out the door. If you are quitting your job due to a problem with your boss or your coworker, you might look at your last day as an opportunity to let it all out. Despite that great feeling at the time, you never know when you will come across your coworkers or bosses again. Remember that old saying "never burn a bridge that you might need to cross again?" Remember it!
DO provide your notice in writing and verbally when possible. If you work for a larger company where you rarely see the person in charge, it is okay to turn in a written notice only. However, if you deal with your supervisor on a regular basis, hand in your letter of resignation in person and have a quick chat with them. Explain your reasons for leaving (but put a positive spin on your on-the-job experience). Basically, go out of your way to seem like a model employee because this will help when it comes time to get a good reference.
Now that you got a few good tips on quitting your job, are you ready to start your job search?

Top Entry Level Federal Jobs

By Steven Bronsons

Job Vacancy Indonesia, Employee, Vacancy


Are you looking for jobs? If you have entered the job market then you might have understood the kind of competition that is present in the market these days. Some people are interested in the private jobs while others are interested in the government jobs.
If you are a resident of America and you are looking for government jobs then federal jobs can be the best choice for you. You will be happy to learn that the federal government is one of the biggest employers present in America.
They employ thousands of employers every year and this is the reason why lots of people stand the chance of getting employed. You just need to make sure that you have the required qualifications. Federal jobs can be of different types.
If you are new in this field then you can look forward to the entry level federal jobs. There are some top entry level jobs available these days. There are at least 3 million workers who are working under the federal government. There are lots of benefits of this employment.
The government employees get job security and other than this they also get lots of insurance and a good salary. While applying for the federal jobs you will find certain kinds of ratings. These ratings are usually the levels.
If you are interested in the jobs then you first need to get federal ksa writing service. Different kinds of jobs require different kinds of resume. You might not be aware of the kind of ksa that you need to create for this job. Government ksa writing is not that easy if you do not learn it.
There are people who do not know how to write and this is the reason why they want to take help from professional writers. Ksa writing has become quite popular these days because lots of people are showing interest in applying for the federal jobs. The levels start from GS1 and goes up to GS6.
The level can even proceed to GS15. GS is actually the number which reflects the amount of experience as well as skill that is required for completion of the job. The entry level jobs include that of a clerk.
The salary of the clerks can range up to 24,000 per annum. You can be located in any part of the country. You can even mention about your preferred location in your application. The next job that is available for the entry level position is that of the assistants.
The assistants are found in most of the agencies of federal government and they have a salary of almost 30,000 or even more per year. These jobs are available almost all over America. You can choose your location.
It is quite easy to get the entry level jobs if you know about government ksa writing. Proper ksa writing is one of the best ways to get the entry level federal jobs. Secretary, accountant as well as technician jobs are also available in federal government.

Monday, October 25, 2010

Marketing Secrets Revealed For Presentation Folders

By John Ray Daniels

Job Vacancy Indonesia, Employee, Vacancy


Presentation folders of course are one of those great tools that you can use for general marketing. From creating press kits and developing report giveaways, custom folder printing has been a good staple for improving those and other essential business activities. So it is important when you do folder printing that you make those folders as perfect as they can be for marketing.
If you do not know anything however about this kind of marketing, do not fret. Let me reveal to you a few marketing secrets about presentation folders so that you can design and print great presentation folders that really pack a punch and help you with your business.
1. Simpler is better for most markets - That is right. For most audiences, presentation folders or custom folders should ideally be designed in a simple manner. Most marketers have discovered of course that complicated presentation folders seem to overwhelm most readers, leading them to form a different idea of what the message of the folder could be.
Simpler and more direct style designs for custom folders that accurately project the message the creator needs is better. Beyond that, since these are just only folders, most of the important details should be focused on the content itself, the color folder should only be an enticement for opening the inner content. So make sure you remember this and try to use simpler and easier to understand designs for your folders.
2. Folder sizes must be deliberate - Another marketing secret that you should know is that a custom folder size must be set deliberately. Do not just design a color folder with any kind of folder template that you have with you. There are different standard sizes of color posters and their different folds and pockets. Each is ideal for certain kind of content and distribution plan.
That is why it is best to always be deliberate with your choice of folder size so that you can optimize it for your plans. Print smaller pocket folders for promotional kits, and print more formal larger color folders for the big objectives like press kit distribution or report deployment to clients. When you pick the right size, everything should be easier and you should have a smoother ride with your folder deployment.
3. Lead with lighting and color - Now, on the design side of things, one great market secret you should know is that you can actually lead people's attentions with your folder design. By adding lighter shades to certain areas, or contrasting a certain spot with the rest of the color folder design, you can cause people to immediately look at those design locations. Done correctly, you can precisely deliver a powerful marketing message with your custom folders, even if the readers have not opened and read their content yet. This is a great marketing trick that you should always try to integrate with your custom folder designs.
4. Be straightforward with the text content - When it comes to the text content of your custom folders, a good marketing principle is to always be straight with its composition. Do not linger with your message, and most decidedly, do not make it too long. People's attention spans with color folders are very quick and you will have only seconds to deliver your marketing message.
Great! Use this marketing knowledge well for your folder prints. Try them out on your own folder printing and watch the marketing magic happen.

Advertising Products As Employee Incentives

By Ann A Christopher

Job Vacancy Indonesia, Employee, Vacancy  


It's rare that a enterprise can find a way to thank employees that also helps the business itself, but promo gear are one such avenue where employees and organizations get the best of both worlds. There are no losers when advertising pieces are used as employee incentives. Here's how the exchange works for both parties.
A small business decides that promotional pieces will be an inexpensive way to promote the name and phone number of the company. People will get something for free and the company will receive exposure to the outside world. This will increase business and the customers won't feel like they've been advertised to.
There's no better people to give the advertising objects to than the employees themselves. They get something useful or fun for free and they're able to feel a sense of pride that they're part of what makes the company successful. Many employees feel a sense of pride when they use promo things. This is a great way for a firm to show that it appreciates employees and it's a great way for employees to help advertise the business they've worked so hard to make successful.
While employees take these gifts home, they become closer to the company they work for. They also become participants in an inexpensive advertising campaign, something that works out wonderfully for the business that employs them.
Everyone that sees the promotional pieces can not only know about the name of the small business, but they can ask someone who works there what the small business sells. It's a great way to put customers in touch with the friendly people that work in a small business while at the same time giving the corporation even more detailed exposure thanks to the explanations given by the employees.
This kind of advertising has worked well for businesses and organizations for years. It's the reason why employees so often receive a large bounty of company promo pieces to take home with them. It's a way to say thank you without asking them to do anything special. In return, the firm gets extremely-needed visibility in the world outside the office, with the additional benefit of someone that is willing and eager to explain what they do for the business. It's like having its own personal representative on the outside.
When employees are given free promotional gadgets, they feel more worthwhile to the enterprise and more proud of what they do. They're likely to use those advertising objects as a way to show off that pride and to explain more about the company they work for when asked.

Best Online Degree

By Keith Londrie

Job Vacancy Indonesia, Employee, Vacancy  


Because there are so many online degrees to choose from, you may be somewhat unsure of how to proceed in picking the right one. Here are some tips to help you choose from online degrees that will provide you with the type of credentials that you want because you do not have to worry about geographic location you literally have thousands of programs and online universities to choose from. However, you cannot depend on name recognition alone. There are many offers out there and you need to research the subject properly before making a commitment. In addition, price is not a reliable indication of an online universities' value. We are going to present you with helpful information to help you choose the best online college for your online degree.
The first thing you must do is check on the accreditation of the institution that issues the online degrees. The Internet is full with diploma mills with dubious accreditation mixed together with those that are worth it. To prevent this unpleasant situation you had better check with accreditation associations that are available in your country, and make sure the institution is in good standing. By making sure you pick the right e-learning institution, you will save money and time. In addition, you will not have to go through the embarrassment of having your studies rejected.
You have to research whether or not a university or college that also operates a traditional campus as well as a virtual one issues the online degrees. This can prove to be very important, because you may have to attend a certain number of hours on campus before you are awarded your degree. If this is not something, with which you feel comfortable, then it is best to pass on that program and look for online degrees that can be earned by online study.
Do some research concerning the type of financial aid programs are offered by the institution, or if there are flexible payment plans. By knowing how you will have to pay for the courses, you are more likely to complete your degree on time. Never sign up for anything that you do not reasonably think you can honor or respect the agreement on time. Because online degrees are aimed at working adults, you are sure to find a program with a payment plan that fits with your budget.
Because of online degrees, many people can pursue their dreams of a college education, even if life experience has prevented them from doing so in the past. You will soon be able to claim the title of college graduate if you take your time and make the right choice after careful consideration of the offers available on the market.
Will You Get Tech Support When You Need It?
Online learning programs cannot afford to permit students to spend entire hours on the phone in order to fix a software mistake. Because their are students who have time do assignments at odd hours, tech support should be available twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.
Make sure that the teachers involved in the online program are certified. You should ask what their fields of activity are and in which field are them the most experienced. Their are online universities which use adjunct faculty members who are practitioners in their fields. In this case, students would work with somebody who has both knowledge and experience. They will not only learn information but also use it in real-life situations.
If you choose to submit to an online school, it is clear that you have many things going on in your life. That is why you have to make sure you have taken the best choice. Ask what happens in the eventuality that you need to abandon a course partway through. Most of the online students have jobs and families. When you have so much to deal with life unexpectedly gets in the way of studies and the only way to deal with it is to leave a course. Before applying, ask what provisions the online degree program makes if you have to drop a course partway through. You should ask if you will get a refund and if you can later on be readmitted to the school and continue your studies.
Nowadays it is very common for students to transfer credits from one school to another. Because this is so common and helpful you need to ask what is their policy for transferring credits. Transferring credits between institutions has gotten better since online education has become more accepted as a part of the educational system. Despite this fact, not every institution will accept online credits and it is better to be informed.
Before joining, an online school in order to obtain an online degree makes sure you can afford it. Besides the tuition, you have to take into consideration the additional costs. Education is not cheap, but is worth the expenses. You should remember that you need textbooks and software too, because education is a complex process. In your effort to cover all of these costs, make sure that you take into consideration the grants, loans, scholarships, and the other financial means that are offered to you.
When you choose to be a student at a certain University, you do it because you feel that the institution will help you to achieve your goals. That is why you have to make sure that the school fits your educational goals and your career objectives. Another thing to consider is the amount of time in which the program lets you earn your degree. It should be according to your needs, no more, no less. You should make some research on the pace in which you are going to study. You have to be sure that you can handle the information volume and the pace used in that school.

Advance Your Career With a Masters Degree

By Deon Du Plessis

Job Vacancy Indonesia, Employee, Vacancy


Are you someone who wants to get ahead in your career? Do you want to get that edge that will help you get ahead of everybody else and get you into that position that you've always wanted? There are many ways to achieve your career goals but none are as rewarding and as valuable as getting a masters degree. If you look at the sheer volume of people who are currently out of work with normal Bachelor degrees, then its not hard to see that the bar has been raised.
There is no doubt that a tertiary education is becoming more important in an competitive job market. Just competing with all the other applicants who has exactly the same qualification as you can be very tough. You need something that sets you apart and getting a masters degree may well do that for you. Less than 10% of all graduates proceed to extend their education and less than 10% actually get a masters degree or a doctors degree (this excludes MD's). By simply furthering your studies you can really set yourself apart.
Getting a masters degree is also not just about getting ahead from the pack. Its also about specializing and really honing in on a specific area in your field. We've all heard it before but the world is becoming much more specialized and the need for experts in particular fields are increasing. A masters degree will enable you to specialize and to become more of an expert in something that you actually like doing.
Lastly, when prospective (and even current) employers see a masters degree on your resume it instantly changes their perspective of you. It really says a lot out you beyond the mere qualification. It speaks volumes of your enthusiasm, your ability and your general approach to your career.
Not only will a masters set you apart from everybody else, it will help you to reach levels in your career that won't be possible with a bachelor's degree. Why not look into it. It may just be that missing piece that you've been looking for. With numerous new online degrees available you don't even have to go back to school full time. You can do it for much cheaper, at your own pace and even get a very specific degree from international schools. I would encourage you to look into online schools. There are some great educational opportunities out there.

Sunday, October 24, 2010

SEO Content Writing Quality Management Systems

By Pete Sohn

Job Vacancy Indonesia, Employee, Vacancy  


"Quality Content Management (QCM)" is a term that we have been propagating into the market and have become their number 1 spokesperson. We totally believe in the purpose of monitored quality content management systems. Our definition is very different than the typical definition that is found in the dictionaries and telecom markets jargons. Typically QCM is defined as the system that monitors and controls the quality of any system. Likewise QCM is a system that monitors and ensures quality of content that is published online.
In order to ensure that the software can provide this kind of requirement, extensive research is required to build an application that understands the principles of QCM. What we are working on is a system that actually understands the human element and then works on building its understanding of content on the Internet. You would have to extensively work with the application and configure it accordingly. The system will require your guidance, inputs and directions. It will be scanning through emails and content to better understand how you define and value quality.
We have beta software out in the market. Previous systems only were able to pick up only certain content. This system navigates through a completely different mechanism. It allows you to link to different sites and evaluate the content.
What we really need to understand is that with such a high influx of content being published daily in the Internet, it is really mandatory for organizations to have a quality content management system in place. This would work as a virtual editor and ensure that only those articles that should be published that have a significant content value.

Friday, October 1, 2010

Token accounting in ancient Mesopotamia (Part 11)

The Mesopotamian civilization emerged during the period 3700–2900 BCE amid the development of technological innovations such as the plough, sailing boats and copper metal working. Clay tablets with pictographic characters appeared in this period to record commercial transactions performed by the temples.[10]  Clay receptacles known as bullae (Latin: 'Bubble'), were used in Elamite city of Susa which contained tokens. These receptacles were spherical in shape and acted as envelopes, on which the seal  of the individuals taking part in a transaction were engraved. The symbols of the tokens they contained were represented graphically on their surface, and the recipient of the goods could check whether they matched with the amount and characteristics expressed on the bulla once they had received and inspected them. The fact that the content of bulla  was marked on its surface produced a simple way of checking without destroying the receptacle, which constituted in itself an exercise in writing that, despite being born spontaneously as a support for the existing system for controlling merchant goods, ultimately became the definitive practice for non-oral communication. Eventually, bullae  were replaced by clay tablets, which used symbols to represent the tokens.



During the Sumerian period, token envelop accounting was replaced by flat clay tablets impressed by tokens that merely transferred symbols. Such documents were kept by scribes, who were carefully trained to acquire the necessary literary and arithmetic skills and were held responsible for documenting financial transactions.[15] Such records preceded the earliest found examples of cuneiform writing in the form of abstract signs incised in clay tablets, which were written in Sumerian by 2900 BCE in Jemdet Nasr. Therefore "token envelop accounting" not only preceded the written word but constituted the major impetus in the creation of writing and abstract counting.


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Token accounting in ancient Mesopotamia (Part 1)

Source : Wikipedia



The earliest accounting records were found amongst the ruins of ancient Babylon, Assyria and Sumeria, which date back more than 7,000 years. The people of that time relied on primitive accounting methods to record the growth of crops and herds. Because there is a natural season to farming and herding, it is easy to count and determine if a surplus had been gained after the crops had been harvested or the young animals weaned.



During the period 8000–3700 BCE, the Fertile Crescent witnessed the spread of small settlements supported by agricultural surplus. Tokens, shaped into simple geometric forms such as cones or spheres, were used for stewardship purposes in relation to identifying and securing this surplus, and are examples of accounts that referred to lists of personal property.[10] Some of them bore markings in the form of incised lines and impressed dots. Neolithic community leaders collected the surplus at regular intervals in the form of a share of the farmers’ flocks and harvests. In turn, the accumulated communal goods were redistributed to those who could not support themselves, but the greatest part was earmarked for the performance of religious rituals and festivals. In 7000 BCE, there were only some 10 token shapes because the system exclusively recorded agricultural goods, each representing one of the farm products levied at the time, such as grain, oil and domesticated animals.The number of token shapes increased to about 350 around 3500 BCE, when urban workshops started contributing to the redistribution economy. Some of the new tokens stood for raw materials such as wool and metal and others for finished products among which textiles, garments, jewelry, bread, beer and honey.



The invention of a form of bookkeeping using clay tokens represented a huge cognitive leap for mankind.[12] The cognitive significance of the token system was to foster the manipulation of data. Compared to oral information passed on from one individual to the other, tokens were extra-somatic, that is outside the human mind. As a result, the Neolithic accountants were no longer the passive recipients of someone else's knowledge, but they took an active part in encoding and decoding data. The token system substituted miniature counters for the real goods, which eliminated their bulk and weight and allowed dealing with them in abstraction by patterning, the presentation of data in particular configurations. As a result, heavy baskets of grains and animals difficult to control could be easily counted and recounted. The accountants could add, subtract, multiply and divide by manually moving and removing counters.


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Accountancy

Source : Wikipedia



Accountancy is the process of communicating financial information about a business entity to users such as shareholders and managers.  The communication is generally in the form of financial statements  that show in money terms the economic resources under the control of management; the art lies in selecting the information that is relevant to the user and is reliable.


Accountancy is a branch of mathematical science that is useful in discovering the causes of success and failure in business.The principles of accountancy are applied to business entities in three divisions of practical art, named accounting, bookkeeping, and auditing.


Accounting is defined by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) as "the art of recording, classifying, and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least, of financial character, and interpreting the results thereof."


Accounting is thousands of years old; the earliest accounting records, which date back more than 7,000 years, were found in the Middle East. The people of that time relied on primitive accounting methods to record the growth of crops and herds. Accounting evolved, improving over the years and advancing as business advanced.


Early accounts served mainly to assist the memory of the businessperson and the audience for the account was the proprietor or record keeper alone. Cruder forms of accounting were inadequate for the problems created by a business entity involving multiple investors, so double-entry bookkeeping first emerged in northern Italy in the 14th century, where trading ventures began to require more capital than a single individual was able to invest. The development of joint stock companies created wider audiences for accounts, as investors without firsthand knowledge of their operations relied on accounts to provide the requisite information.[6] This development resulted in a split of accounting systems for internal (i.e. management accounting) and external (i.e. financial accounting) purposes, and subsequently also in accounting and disclosure regulations and a growing need for independent attestation of external accounts by auditors.




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     and Share